- πόνος
- πόνος, ου, ὁ (πένομαι ‘toil’; Hom.+)① work that involves much exertion or trouble, (hard) labor, toil (Onesicritus [c. 310 B.C.]: 134 Fgm. 17a Jac.: because of the ὕβρις of humans, Zeus brought the utopian state of affairs in India to an end, and sent πόνος into the life of humans [cp. ἐν λύπαις Gen 3:17]; Ps 89:10; Philo; Jos., Ant. 3, 49; 18, 244) πόνον ἔχειν ὑπέρ τινος Col 4:13 (πόνον ἔχειν: Il. 15, 416; Hes., Shield 305; Paus. 4, 16, 3. As mark of distinction, SJohnstone, Virtuous Toil, Vicious Work—Xenophon on Aristocratic Style: ClPh 89, ’94, 219–40.—Theocr. 7, 139 has π. with a ptc. in the sense ‘take pains’). μετὰ πόνου with difficulty, laboriously, painstakingly (Pla., Soph. 230a μετὰ πολλοῦ πόνου) Dg 11:8. According to ABoegehold (Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 23, ’82, 147–56), the years 424–421 B.C. mark a trend in the direction of② experience of great trouble, pain, distress, affliction (Thu. 2, 49, 3; X., Mem. 2, 2, 5; Aelian, NA 7, 30 p. 190, 9, VH 5, 6 [CPJones, ClPh 79, ’84, 43f]; SIG 708, 11; POxy 234 II, 24; 37; Is 65:14; Job 4:5; TestJob 52:1; JosAs; ApcMos 5; Just., A I, 21, 2 φυγῇ πόνων) w. πένθος and κραυγή Rv 21:4 (cp. Is 35:10; Pind., P. 10, 42 in a description of the blissful Hyperboreans). εἶναι ἐν πόνῳ (cp. Gen 34:25; TestJob 24:6 ἐν πόνοις; Just., D. 125, 5) 1 Cl 16:3f (Is 53:4). ἀφαιρεῖν ἀπὸ τ. πόνου τῆς ψυχῆς (ἀφαιρέω 2a.—πόνος τ. ψυχῆς: Maximus Tyr. 1, 4b) vs. 12 (Is 53:10f). Of the Crucified One ὡς μηδὲ πόνον ἔχων as though he felt no pain at all GPt 4:10. Of a hailstone πῶς πόνον παρέχει how much pain it causes, how much it hurts Hm 11:20. ἐκ τοῦ π. in pain (Appian, Iber. 97 §423) Rv 16:10; pl. (Gen 41:51; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 146; Test Jud 18:4) ἐκ τῶν π. (Eur., Fgm. 364 Nauck2) because of their sufferings vs. 11. πόνους ὑποφέρειν undergo hardships 1 Cl 5:4.—HKuist, Biblical Review 16, ’32, 415–20 (πόνος, μόχθος).—B. 540. Schmidt, Syn. II 611–25 πονηρός. DELG s.v. πένομαι. M-M. Spicq. Sv.
Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία. 2015.